Influence of Newspaper Work on the Writing Style of Ernest Hemingway

Influence of Newspaper Work on the Writing Style of Ernest HemingwayHemingways first knowledgeableness to newspaper work came right after he graduated high school in 1917. His parents expected him to go to college, but instead he recognised a job that his uncle arranged for him as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star. It was at the Star that Hemingway learned many of the rules that would shape his opus expression later in life. The Star advocated short sentences, active verbs and precision in Hemingways writing Hemingway said Those were the best rules I ever learned for the melody of writing. Ive never forgotten them. (www.lostgeneration.com) His time at the Star was cut short, however, when he joined the Red Cross and was shipped to Italy for the war. Upon returning from the war in January 1919, Hemingway spent approximately a year living at home with his parents off of his insurance money. In early 1920, however, he moved to Toronto to accept a position writing for the Toronto Star Weekly. He continued to write for the Toronto Star Weekly even after he moved to Chicago in...

Abortion - How can I Impose My Morality on Another? :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative

Abortion - How croup I cut back My Morality on Another? Im opposed to abortion, further how can I compel my righteousness on someone else? This common expression expresses the sentiments of one who wishes to be open to the religious convictions of another on this delicate issue of abortion. In that statement, change the word abortion with anything else youre opposed to. Like Im opposed to racism, but how can I impose my morality on someone else? or Im opposed to rape, but how can I impose my morality on someone else? Sounds somewhat ridiculous, doesnt it? Why can we impose our morality on someone when it comes to racism or rape? Because t presents someone else involved. Raping isnt a choice a rapist makes in a vacuum - it involves a victim whose life will be neutered forever because of that rape. Racism isnt a choice made in a vacuum, either. The actions of a racist stockkeeper defending his choice to do what he wants with his store involve blacks who ar unjustly kept from shopping there. The issue here is not private morality but courteous rights - keeping innocent slew from becoming victims. What about abortion? Is it a matter of private morality, standardised deciding which church youre going to attend, or is it a matter of public morality - a matter of civil rights? If theres a victim involved, its a civil rights issue. Is there a victim involved in abortion? There are many who say that there is not, that the preborn child is just a visual sense of tissue, a part of the womans soundbox. If this were the case, then no one would have any rationalness to oppose abortion any more than they would oppose tonsillectomies or appendectomies. just now is that the case? Developments in the science of fetology have given us great opportunities than ever to learn about the preborn. We know that the baby has a all told different circulatory system than the mother, and often a different blood type. He or she has a completely different genetic co de. We know that by the 21st day after conception the babys heart has begun to beat (Tanner 64). Brain waves are detectable by day 40 (Hamlin 20), and movement also begins approximately this time (Arey). By eight weeks, when a woman generally discovers shes pregnant, all body systems are present (Hooker).Abortion - How can I Impose My Morality on Another? Persuasive Essay, ArgumentativeAbortion - How can I Impose My Morality on Another? Im opposed to abortion, but how can I impose my morality on someone else? This common expression expresses the sentiments of one who wishes to be open to the religious convictions of another on this delicate issue of abortion. In that statement, replace the word abortion with anything else youre opposed to. Like Im opposed to racism, but how can I impose my morality on someone else? or Im opposed to rape, but how can I impose my morality on someone else? Sounds pretty ridiculous, doesnt it? Why can we impose our morality on someone when it co mes to racism or rape? Because theres someone else involved. Raping isnt a choice a rapist makes in a vacuum - it involves a victim whose life will be altered forever because of that rape. Racism isnt a choice made in a vacuum, either. The actions of a racist storekeeper defending his choice to do what he wants with his store involve blacks who are unjustly kept from shopping there. The issue here is not private morality but civil rights - keeping innocent people from becoming victims. What about abortion? Is it a matter of private morality, like deciding which church youre going to attend, or is it a matter of public morality - a matter of civil rights? If theres a victim involved, its a civil rights issue. Is there a victim involved in abortion? There are many who say that there is not, that the preborn child is just a mass of tissue, a part of the womans body. If this were the case, then no one would have any reason to oppose abortion any more than they would oppose tonsillectom ies or appendectomies. But is that the case? Developments in the science of fetology have given us greater opportunities than ever to learn about the preborn. We know that the baby has a completely different circulatory system than the mother, and often a different blood type. He or she has a completely different genetic code. We know that by the 21st day after conception the babys heart has begun to beat (Tanner 64). Brain waves are detectable by day 40 (Hamlin 20), and movement also begins around this time (Arey). By eight weeks, when a woman generally discovers shes pregnant, all body systems are present (Hooker).

The Yellow Wallpaper :: essays research papers

For this assignment I chose to review The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The yellow wallpaper was close a lady with what is said to be a momentary nervous condition and her husband traveling to the country for the summer and for the healing powers of being away from physical composition which seems to worsen her condition. The people in the story lease a base for three months and the main character in the story is tormented, she stargons at this wallpaper for hours on end and thinks she sees a woman privy the paper. "I didnt realize for a long time what the subject was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman." She becomes obsessed with discovering what is behind that pattern and what it is doing. "I dont want to leave now until I have found it out".The plat of the story was boring, expiry from unrivaled thing to virtually other just to have the woman lock herself in a room and pull all the wallpaper down at the end. The rising action would trio you to believe she totally went crazy there was one part where she explicitly says she wanted to burn the house down because of the smell from the wallpaper. It sounds as if she is suffering from utmost more than a nervous depression when you hear things like that. There was one big thing thats repeated throughout the story and its the fact that she keeps saying no one wanted her to write because it is supposedly the cause or one of the reasons her ailment continues. The other characters in the story are distant from her like everyone is trying not to see the problem this woman is delusional, psychotic, maybe even completely insane. There are hints of this all throughout the story, she doesnt go anywhere nobody wanted her to write. Im thinking there is more going on in the story, something between the lines maybe shes being abused and that is the real root of her illness. When you get to the root of the story its really about this wo man being dominated by her husband. She is almost running scared of him she doesnt dare do anything around him, she doesnt mention it but I believe she would be disciplined in some way if she was to get out of line by defying him some way.The Yellow Wallpaper essays research paper For this assignment I chose to review The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The yellow wallpaper was about a lady with what is said to be a temporary nervous condition and her husband traveling to the country for the summer and for the healing powers of being away from writing which seems to worsen her condition. The people in the story rent a house for three months and the main character in the story is tormented, she stares at this wallpaper for hours on end and thinks she sees a woman behind the paper. "I didnt realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman." She becomes obsessed with discovering what is behind that pattern and what it is doing. "I dont want to leave now until I have found it out".The plot of the story was boring, going from one thing to another just to have the woman lock herself in a room and pull all the wallpaper down at the end. The rising action would lead you to believe she completely went crazy there was one part where she explicitly says she wanted to burn the house down because of the smell from the wallpaper. It sounds as if she is suffering from far more than a nervous depression when you hear things like that. There was one big thing thats repeated throughout the story and its the fact that she keeps saying no one wanted her to write because it is supposedly the cause or one of the reasons her ailment continues. The other characters in the story are distant from her like everyone is trying not to see the problem this woman is delusional, psychotic, maybe even completely insane. There are hints of this all throughout the story, she doesnt go anyw here nobody wanted her to write. Im thinking there is more going on in the story, something between the lines maybe shes being abused and that is the real root of her illness. When you get to the root of the story its really about this woman being dominated by her husband. She is almost running scared of him she doesnt dare do anything around him, she doesnt mention it but I believe she would be disciplined in some way if she was to get out of line by defying him some way.

Morality And Ethics And Computers :: essays research papers fc

Morality and Ethics and Computers     There are some(prenominal) different perspectives to the discussion on moral and ethicaluses of computing machines. In many situations, the morality of a particular use of acomputer is up to the individual to decide. For this reason, absolute lawsabout ethical computer usage is almost, exclusively not entirely, impossible to define.     The unveiling of computers into the workplace has introduced manyquestions as well Should employers make sure the workplace is designed tominimize health risks such as back strain and carpal tunnel syndrome for peoplewho work with computers? Can employers prohibit employees from sending personalmemos by electronic mail to a friend at the other side of the office? Shouldemployers monitor employees work on computers? If so, should employees bewarned beforehand? If warned, does that make the practice okay? According toKenneth Goodman, director of the Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy at theUniversity of Miami, who teaches courses in computer ethics, "Theres hardly abusiness thats not apply computers."1 This makes these questions all the moreimportant for todays society to answer.     There are also many moral and ethical problems dealing with the use ofcomputers in the medical field. In one particular case, a technician trustedwhat he thought a computer was telling him, and administered a deadly dose ofradiation to a hospital patient.2 In cases like these, it is difficult to decidewhos fault it is. It could have been the computer programmers fault, butGoodman asks, "How much responsibility can you place on a machine?"3Many problems also occur when computers are used in education. Shouldcomputers substitute actual teachers in the classroom? In some schools, computersand computer manuals have already started to replace teachers. I would considerthis an unethical use of computers because computers do not have the ability tothink and interact on an interpersonal basis.     Computers "dehumanize human activity"4 by taking away many jobs and reservation many others "boring exercises in pushing the buttons that make thetechnology work." 5     Complete privacy is almost impossible in this computer age. By using acredit card or check cashing card, entering a raffle, or subscribing to amagazine, people provide information about themselves that can be sold tomarketers and distributed to data bases throughout the world. When people usethe world-wide web, the sites they visit and download things from, make a recordthat can be traced back to the person.6 This is not protected, as it is whenbooks are checked out of a library. Therefore, information about someonespersonal preferences and interests can be sold to anyone.

Essay --

A estimator is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be strikeily changed, the computer can solve more than unity kind of problem.Conventionally, a computer consists of at least unmatched affect element, typically a central processing unit and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices part with information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications. During this period the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred neo personal computers .Modern computers based on integrated c ircuits ar millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the data Age and are what most people think of as computers. However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous. narration of computing Etymology The first recorded use of the word computer was in 1613 in a book called The yong mans gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwait I haue read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that euer breathed, and he... ...e working at Bell Labs in November 1937, Stibitz invented and built a relay-based calculator he dubbed the Model K, which was the first to use binary program circuits to perform an arithmetic operation. Later models added g reater sophistication including complex arithmetic and programmability.The AtanasoffBerry Computer was the worlds first electronic digital computer, albeit not programmable. Atanasoff is considered to be one of the fathers of the computer. Conceived in 1937 by Iowa State College physics professor John Atanasoff, and built with the assistance of graduate student Clifford Berry, the machine was not programmable, being designed only when to solve systems of linear equations. The computer did employ parallel computation. A 1973 court ruling in a patent dispute found that the patent for the 1946 ENIAC computer derived from the AtanasoffBerry Computer.The fir

The Great Gatsby Essay examples -- English Literature

The dandy GatsbyIn F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby the narrator, NickCaraway makes a education that, in my opinion, reveals to the readerwhy the book is called The Great Gatsby.Theyre a rotten crowd Nick shouted across the lawn to GatsbyYoure cost the whole damn lot order together.I agree with Nicks statement because Gatsby has outstanding valuesthat differ and set him apart from the other characters in the book.Also the one main feature that really sets him apart from the crowdand makes him worth more than the whole crowd is his ability to sethimself goals and achieve them.He had a dream, An American Dream.Throughout the book Gatsby is portrayed as a shady character. The initiatory impressions of Gatsby, which are conveyed to the reader, arethrough gossip. This is mainly due to Gatsbys inaccessibility. Hesurrounds himself with wad but never interacts, instead opting towatch other people enjoy themselves.The rumours about Gatsby are abundant and come from the very pe oplewho take advantage of his hospitality. Jordan and the two twins, tellNick at one of Gatsbys parties Somebody told me that he killed aman. There are also disputes about which country he fought for in thewar. As one man tells Nick I heard that from a man who knew all abouthim, grew up with him in Germany.This is opposed by another woman at the party saying, It couldnt bethat because he was in the American army during the war. Gatsbyswealth which is also a mystery to begin with, adds to his mysteriousreputation.Despite these rumours circulating about Gatsby our first realimpression of Gatsby is a positive one,He smiled understandingly- much more than understanding... ...for he is always searchingfor more. For example in the beginning he wanted to obtain wealth, heachieved that and then he wanted more in the form of love Daisy.Although in the end it is that drive that brings him down. Gatsbylived life to try and develop the attention of one woman, Daisy Fay, andhe almost attained that goal but never quite reached it. When thedream was gone, he had nothing left to live for.In conclusion the American Dream that Gatsby had created for himselfimproved him as a person. Fitzgerald has created Gatsby as a moreexciting and mysterious character than any in the story. Gatsby is the sole(prenominal) character that had the ability to set himself goals and achievethem. Although this ability brought about his downfall it was the onlything that Gatsby had to live for. For these reasons, Gatsby is worththe whole damn lot put together.

The Great Gatsby Essay examples -- English Literature

The Great GatsbyIn F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby the narrator, NickCaraway makes a statement that, in my opinion, reveals to the readerwhy the book is called The Great Gatsby.Theyre a rotten crowd Nick shouted across the lawn to GatsbyYoure worth the full-length damn lot put together.I agree with Nicks statement because Gatsby has outstanding valuesthat differ and set him apart from the other characters in the book.Also the wiz main feature that really sets him apart from the crowdand makes him worth more than than the whole crowd is his ability to sethimself goals and achieve them.He had a dream, An American Dream.Throughout the book Gatsby is portrayed as a mysterious character. Thefirst impressions of Gatsby, which are conveyed to the reader, arethrough gossip. This is mainly due to Gatsbys inaccessibility. Hesurrounds himself with masses but never interacts, instead opting towatch other people enjoy themselves.The rumours about Gatsby are abundant and come from t he very peoplewho take improvement of his hospitality. Jordan and the two twins, tellNick at one of Gatsbys parties Somebody told me that he killed aman. There are also disputes about which country he fought for in thewar. As one man tells Nick I heard that from a man who knew all abouthim, grew up with him in Germany.This is opposed by another woman at the party saying, It couldnt bethat because he was in the American army during the war. Gatsbyswealth which is also a secret to begin with, adds to his mysteriousreputation.Despite these rumours circulating about Gatsby our first realimpression of Gatsby is a positive one,He smiled understandingly- much more than understanding... ...for he is unceasingly searchingfor more. For example in the beginning he wanted to obtain wealth, heachieved that and then he wanted more in the form of get along Daisy.Although in the end it is that drive that brings him down. Gatsbylived life to try and catch the attention of one woman, Daisy Fay, andhe almost attained that goal but never instead reached it. When thedream was gone, he had no function left to live for.In conclusion the American Dream that Gatsby had created for himselfimproved him as a person. Fitzgerald has created Gatsby as a moreexciting and mysterious character than any in the story. Gatsby is theonly character that had the ability to set himself goals and achievethem. Although this ability brought about his downfall it was the onlything that Gatsby had to live for. For these reasons, Gatsby is worththe whole damn lot put together.

The Representation of Race in Mass-Media

Race as a discourse, has emerged from society romanticizing the idea of biological and psychological differences existing between various ethnical groups. To comprehend and analyze the phenomenon of this racial dilemma, one must have a complete understanding of how culture and identity element work hand-in-hand within our society. By imperious most of the social institutions, such as plug communication, politics and corporations the dominant culture methodically overpowers and exploits the ethnic minority groups, in order to establish its own cultural identity.One such institution is mass media- an industry that non alone historically oppresses ethnic minority groups such as Afri puke-Americans, but excessively diminishes their societal status to that of a second-class citizen through the use of stereotypical representations. Because, it is controlled predominantly by the white liberal elites- an autocratic, financially driven organization, whose primary(prenominal) target i s to protect the integrity of white culture mass media industry is therefore, forced to reject all moral conventions, in order to present ethnic minorities as antagonists.The ideas of Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Stuart Hall accurately represent the century-old exploitative and oppressive nature of mass media- an industry that has perpetually employed racialized discourse and anti fateful expressions against ethnic minorities such as blacks, in order to portray them as subordinate. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist and sociologist from the United Kingdom, suggests that homophile race should simply non solely study the theme of culture, but in any case view it as a primary source of social interactions (Proctor 16).Because culture is a site of an ongoing grapple of power between different ethnic groups, what Hall is suggesting is that, one should only study it with the mindset of exposing each and every one its negative consequences on humanity. match to Hall, in American cultur e, the mass media industry is one of the main reasons why such a power struggle continues to exist within our society.He describes mass media as an industry that non only generates and influences the beliefs of mankind, but also produces representations of the social world, images, descriptions, explanations, and frames for understanding how the world is and why it works as it is said and shown to work (Hall, The Whites 19). Since the inauguration of time, race has played a vital role in the transformation of human consciousness. Therefore, as long as this notion exists in our society, mass media willing continue to exploit it for financial profits.During the eighteenth-century, racial stereotyping was so dewy-eyedspread in the United States that any illustrator could pick up a pen and draw minorities establish on the two themes of their lack of culture and innate laziness (Hall, model 249). These caricaturists and cartoonists degraded the African-American community by exaggera ting their physical characteristics big noses, frizzy hair, wide faces, dark complexion, thick lips and hips, etc (Hall, Representation 249).Hall describes such a form of ethnic inconsistency as a racialized regime of representation, a phenomenon that continues to exist, change surface in the twenty-first century (Hall, The Whites 26). passim history, African-Americans have always been presented as a race that is juvenile, one-dimensional, and greedy for money and sex, and perpetrators of violence and crime (Hall, Representation 272). The rummy distribution of power in American culture has leave aloneed the white population to characterize the lives of African-Americans as inferior, an objectification that has been frozen in time and space.Popular representations of racial stereotypes against African-Americans can be examined in the American cinema of the mid-twentieth-century. Donald Bogles 1973 critical study titled, Toms, Coons, Mulattos, Mammies, And Bucks an interpretive h istory of colors in African take ins analyzed the five main stereotypes that were prevailing in Hollywood films of the fifties and sixties Toms- the good Negros, who were always chased, harassed, hounded, flogged, enslaved, and insulted (Bogle 6).Coons- a black child who was unreliable, crazy, lazy, subhuman creatures good for nothing than eating watermelons, stealing chickens, barb crap, or butchering the English language (Bogle 7). The Tragic Mulatto- a fair skinned, mixed-race woman, with whom the viewers sympathized, because she was refused entry into the white community because of her tainted blood (Bogle 9). Mammies- the predominant black female servant who was big, loud, bossy, obese and self-sufficient (Bogle 9).Finally the Bad Bucks- physically strong characters, who were always big, badddd niggers, over-sexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for white pulp magazine (Bogle 10). According to Hall, the feature-length film that gave birth to such African-Amer ican characteristics was David Llewelyn Griffiths The Birth of a Nation, released in 1915 (Hall, Representation 271). The silent film provoked great controversy, because not only did it promote white supremacy, but also depict the Ku Klux Klan positively as heroes- a secret white society that was destined to lead humanity to salvation.Griffith, a firm opiner in anti-miscegenation laws and white supremacy, portrayed the African-Americans as negative characters who were a threat to white integrity hence they had to be eliminated. Therefore, as the film demonstrates, white supremacy is upheld, and the good (whites) triumphs over evil (blacks) when the Ku Klux Klan physically assault the African-Americans, burn their houses down and lynch them in public (Hall, Representation 252).Karl Heinrich Marx, a renowned German philosopher, political theorist and sociologist presss that society is comprised of two classes the exploited and the exploiters (Balkaran 1). He suggests that in any giv en society, one class will in conclusion conquer the other and exploit it thereafter, through any means necessary (Balkaran 1). Looking back at the American society of the nineteenth-century, it is evident that there was an innovation of such class system, one in which the white population overpowered the African-Americans, and forced them to be slaves (Balkaran 1). in time in present solar day, such a form of victimization can be discovered in the racial stereotyping of ethnic minority groups. According to Stuart Hall, the uneven distribution of power between the exploited and the exploiters can not only lead to economic profiteering, but also physical violence (Hall, Representation 259). This power has such a strong influence that it can allow one to represent the other in any form desirable positive or negative.Hall describes such a form of objectification as a racialized regime of representation, a phenomenon that has negatively influenced the lives of African-Americans for centuries (Hall, The Whites 26). In the eighteenth-century, American culture granted an extraordinary power to the white population- the authority over African-Americans forcing them to be slaves, keep their success and confining them to lives to subordination. The white owners overpowered the black male slaves physically and emotionally by illustrating them as a gender, which did not have the apacity to own land or provide adequately for their families (Hall, Representation 262). As a result of the denial of these male attributes, black slaves were portrayed to the rest of the world as adolescents, who could neither allow in care of themselves or their families- a stereotype that is prevent, even in present day. Such stereotypes are only a reference to what has been conceptualized in fantasy by the ones who hold most of the power (Hall, Representation 262).By representing the African-American slaves as lazy and incompetent, the elites are corrupting the minds of and perceptions o f the general public. For Hall, racial stereotypes only present one-half of the story, the other half is where the deeper meaning lies (Hall, Representation 263). What he is referring to is the notion of a single racial stereotype leading to two different and independent human perceptions. This idea of a double meaning existing in a single stereotype can be examined in Antoine Fuquas 2001 motion envision Training Day.In the film, whenever Denzel Washingtons character, Detective Alonzo Harris acts butch, he negatively portrays the African-American community as perpetrators of violence, in addition to promoting the stereotypical black childlike behavior. However, in accordance with Halls notion of an implicit meaning existing in every stereotype, one can see that the macho behavior is validating a much more disturbing and complicated white fantasy- that African-Americans are in fact aggressive, better endowed than their white counterparts, over-sexed and superspade (Hall, Representa tion 263).Henry Louis Gates Junior, an eloquent commentator on issues of multiculturalism and racism argues that the direct correlation between race and racism can be disputed. What he is suggesting is that discrimination against ethnic groups is linked more to the phenomenon of power relations than any biological assimilation (Daley 1). He believes that the notion of race is simply a fabrication, one with no real purpose with the exception of formal discussions, because races, put simply, do not exist, and to claim that they do, for whatever misguided reason, is to stand on dangerous groundFor, if we believe that races exist as things, as categories of macrocosm already there, we cannot escape the danger of generalizing about observed differences between human beings as if the differences were consistent and determined, a priori (Gates 402). He is arguing that the notion of race has simply been etched in humanitys consciousness with one goal in mind- to hinder ethnic minorities t o lives of subordination. Throughout the nineteenth-century, the Iroquois in Canada and the blacks in America were being forced into the so called civilized white Christian society, because the bodies of these ethnic minorities were deemed inferior.Therefore, Gates believes that the portrayal of minorities was due to the wrongful engagement of racial characterization, a process in which one generalizes about the attributes of an individual (and treats him or her accordingly). Such generalizations are based upon a predetermined set of causes or effects thought to be shared by all members of a physically defined group who are also assumed to share certain(p) metaphysical characteristics can have rather little to do with aggression or contempt in intent, even if the effect is contemptible (but often well-intentioned) (Gates 403).According to Gates, not only does this form of representation lead to a racist benevolence, paternalism and sexual attraction towards African-Americans, but a lso a romanticizing of black culture (Daley 2). This form of racial representation was condescending to the African-Americans, because it depicted them as having instinctual physical, structural, and biological characteristics of greed and violence. Through the use of mass media, white supremacists represented black culture as being an entity that was separate from the African-Americans (Daley 2).Mass media at time of the twentieth-century played a vital role in forming and reflecting public opinion on the issues of racial representation and discrimination. As a result of media, the word Negro began to be associated with the balance of power in society. It became a metaphor of the conflict between good and evil, educated and barbaric, pilot and servant- a fight for the control of power a struggle that was etched into the consciousness of all Americans (Daley 2).By negatively representing the African-Americans, mass-media had caused a division between the blacks and the whites- a ri ft that is still evident in twenty-first-century not only in the United States, but all over the world (Daley 2). One can argue that not only has this gap dictated every discussion related to race and racial bias of our time, but that it will continue to do so for centuries to come with no end in sight. Media will continue to depict African-Americans as individuals who perpetrate violence, and are only motivated by greed and ex, because this climax allows the industry to gain a mass audience- a predominant white population that believes in white supremacy and wants to see the black race suppress and destroyed. Linking back to Gates view on minority groups being confined to lives of subordination in the eighteenth-century, one can see that mass-media in present day carries out the same form of oppression. Because the industry is driven by monetary profits, it employs racial prejudice in its broadcasts, and enforces certain negative stereotypes against minorities, in order to confin e them to deteriorated lifestyles.The American cinema of the mid-twentieth-century is regarded by many cultural sociologists as an era that promoted the positive representation of African-Americans for the first time. Motion pictures released in the early fifties novice the general public of the sensitive issues of race and stereotypes. In spite of the industry being controlled predominantly by the elite class of White-Americans, the films that were generated, characterized the black community as positive role models.A clear-cut example of such positive racial representation in mass media can be found in Stanley Kramers The Defiant Ones, a 1958 cult classic, in which the character of Noah Cullen portrayed by Sidney Poitier disregards the notion of differences in race instead assisting a white captive escape from jail. Not only did the portrayal of Noah Cullen allow Poitier to score a BAFTA award for best actor in a lead role it also secured his admission into mainstream Hollywood films.Following the success of The Defiant Ones, Poitiers on screen roles now exemplified everything that the stereotypical African-American figure was not (Hall, Representation 253). Even though the white elites controlled American cinema, they continued to construct characters for Poitier in such a way so as to positively portray the African-American community. His film characters were widely accepted by the white population as one of their own, because the morals, and behavior that he exhibited, met the standards of the mass audience (Hall, Representation 253).Poitiers characters represented the quintessential Caucasian male one who was fluent in English, well-educated, smart and had proper table etiquette (Hall, Representation 253). History had repeated itself in the case of Sidney Poitier, because by portrait the role of a reformed African-American male, he relinquished the very little power that he had, to the white elites. In the eighteenth-century, the White-American popula tion established its identity by means of absorbing ethnic minorities into their so-called civilized Christian body.Because white elites had transformed Poitiers African-American character, from an un-cooperative, over-sexed, savage beast into a sexless, manipulable and sterile civilized gentleman he no longer posed a threat to the integrity and dignity of white culture (Hall, Representation 253). In the late sixties and early seventies, American cinema implemented different strategy, in order to financially exploit the African-American community. The industry introduced a spic-and-span class of African-American heroes- individuals who challenged the notion of white culture as superior to all others.Case in point, Gordon Parks 1971 box office success, Shaft, in which the main character- a black detective disputes the very existence of white patriarchal power in American society (Hall, Representation 271). To attain maximum joyfulness in his mythic life, John Shaft resorts to viol ence, drugs, illegal money and sexual relations with white and black women (Hall, Representation 271). The stereotypical notion of an African-Americans child-like dependency on the white community that had been prevalent since the eighteenth-century could no longer be applied to John Shaft, because he was confident and self-sufficient.Because, his elegance and charisma appealed to the African-American audiences, they were susceptible to the exploitation of the film industry. Black viewers were able to identify with characters such as John Shaft, because they represented a mythic life- one which was lustrous and heroic (Hall, Representation 271). They flocked to theatres by the thousands, in order to watch films that depicted the triumph of black over white, but what they failed to recognize was that such movies were only produced so that they could be financially exploited.Word Cited Balkaran, Stephen. Mass Media and Racism. Yale University. Oct. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www . yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. htmlfn1. Gates, Henry L. Race, writing, and difference. Chicago University of Chicago, 1986. Hall, Stuart. Representation cultural representations and signifying practices. capital of the United Kingdom Sage Publications Ltd. , 1997. Hall, Stuart. The Whites of Their Eyes Racist Ideologies and the Media. London Silver Linings, 1995. Bogle, David.Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New York Viking, 1973. Mike Daley The representation of race in mass media. Mikedaley. net. York University. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www. mikedaley. net/essay_raceinmassmedia. htm. Procter, James. Stuart Hall. London Routledge, 2004. Balkaran, Stephen. Mass Media and Racism. Yale University. Oct. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www. yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. htmlfn1.

Observational Research

The textbook defines observation question is the systematic process of recording regulations of occurrences or manners without questioning or normally communicating with the raft involved. Additionally, we define observational research as a blanket term for a variety of techniques that argon used to gather important data pertaining to optimizing commercialize share in both the business to consumer and business to business world. Information for observation research must be repetitive, frequent, or in some federal agency predictable in ball club for observing techniques to be successful.We discuss several categories of observational marketing research including (1) Naturalistic situations, (2) contrived situations, (3) human observation, (4) Machine observation, and (5) restrain and indirect observation. Observational research for marketing purposes has roots in experimental psychology. Famous experiments on conformity from the psychology lab can either today or indirectly ap ply to marketing research that is done today. Three examples discussed are as follows * Study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. (1973) * Environmental and complaisant Correlates of Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks An observational Study in Tampa and Chicago. (2008) * An Observational Method for Tim Use Research Lessons Learned from the Middletown Media Studies. (2009) The biggest advantage of observation research is that researchers can see how people actually behave rather than having to rely on what they say they did, which eliminates many biasing factors.Also, some forms of data are more quickly and accurately gathered by observation. The primary disadvantage of this type of research can only examine the behavior and physical characteristics of research participants. The researcher learns nothing about motives, attitudes, intentions, or feelings. People watching or objects can take the form of ethnographic research, mystery shopping, one-way mirror observati ons, shopper pattern and behavior studies.For our hands-on project, we conduct a disguised observation where we monitored shoppers in two Wal-Mart stores without them knowing they were being watched. The study was designed to analyze consumer buying behavior based on gender, age, number of people shopping together, and brand name vs. store brand. Two products, soup and laundry detergent, were chosen to observe consumers in order to perform our observational research study.

Preparation For Life Education Is Life Itself Education Essay

Education is a lifetime procedure with no true beginning or stoping. Education consists of experience, environs, socialization and communicating. hind end Dewey assumed that all echt control comes by dint of experience. I agree and believe that instruction does non get down and stop in a disciplineroom. The instruction that we really receive is the amount of experience that we let ourselves to be exposed to. A It is the responsibility of an pedagogue to animate his pupils and enhance that desire to larn by the schoolroom environment that he creates. For Peters ( 1977 ) , instruction is non merely that what develop in person is of import but every phone number good that it involves the maturement of recognition and comprehension.Further much, apart from the schoolroom environment, the course of study, and the mode the schoolroom is managed are cardinal factors that contribute to the quality of instruction that a pupil receives. Like Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712-1778 ) , I presuppose that little categories, dwelling of 15 to twenty pupils are ideal for a good instruction. As this allows for a more friendly relationship between the instructor and the pupils and there is more dress out for individualised steering that would let the pupils conk out success.A instruction doctrine gives insight into your basic beliefs of instruction and acquisition. It reveals the values you deficiency and want to mould to your scholars. My beliefs about acquisition and instruction are straight linked to my personal experiences as a trainee and a pupil every bit good. For the last two hebdomads as an perceiver in the instruction field, as a pre-service instructor, and as being a pupil for legion old ages, I have realised that there are four facets that make person an effectual instructor teacher-student relationship, communicating, learning techniques, and uninterrupted acquisition. A positive and safe environment is contributing to effectual acquisition. A good in structor must possess learning accomplishments and the ability to efficaciously learn all sort of pupils. With the socio-economic alteration and the handiness of new information in the field of particular instruction, it is imperative to remain up to day of the month and unfastened minded. The values I want to convey to my pupils are that instruction is power and cognition is indispensable. Through instruction anyone can carry through anything in life.I do believe that non all kids are able to achieve the same educational degree but I do experience that every kid has his ain manner of construeing things that make sense to him. I hope to stress different ways to larn in my schoolroom which whitethorn include ocular, verbal and kinesthetic. I plan to shuffle assorted methods throughout my learning experience. I want my pupils to be able to larn in every manner they are capable of.During my research I came across a great philosopher which I tend to hold with, John Dewey. Harmonizing to him, instruction is the creative activity of cognition through enquiry instead than the infection of extant information . Furthermore, he stated that echt instruction is based on the experience of the scholar . As a pupil, I spent school old ages larning in an improper manner. I was far from being an academically stand outing pupil since I literally did non cognize how to larn. Hence I could non understand how to travel through the most of import things which was necessary to retrieve that my instructors would desire me to cognize and understand. I realised that I learn by reservation and non by listening to talks.My doctrine is chiefly a combination of progressivism, behaviorism and existential philosophy. I bid progressive attack as I understand that instructors need to be at that place for their pupils. Teachers act as a facilitator and a usher to their pupils. Students do necessitate to larn to make things on their ain and at their ain gait, yet with scaffolding. I be come witting that pupils are non empty vass instead they possesses innately the natural stuffs and the get downing point of growing ( Dewey, 1934 ) . Dewey strongly agrees that instructors should steer pupil through experience but pupil should every bit voice their experiences ( Nodding, 2007 ) . I believe in the progressivism enterprise to do schooling both interesting and utile. Hence I intend to integrate group-work, field trips and organizing games in my category. Sometimes seeing is better than reading, and making an exercising is better remembered and understood than merely reading it. I besides like the doctrine of behaviourism because it provides positives supports like wagess and congratulations for good and coveted behaviour. This go forth promote motive, invent self-esteem and innate a feeling of self-responsibility within the pupils. However, to cover with riotous pupils sometimes, in utmost instances, instructors need to follow negative support like overplus prep. Using existential philosophy, I want my pupils to be self expressive. There will be all types of pupils from slow, to average, to gifted. I want my pupils to ever experience like they can inquire inquiries and to be able to show their positions.I believe that acquisition is the procedure which a individual acquires knowledge through both direction and instruction. As a instructor my responsibility is to ease that this acquisition is taking topographic point for my pupils. Part of my aim as an pedagogue is to go through on the cognition presented in the class from their different beginnings like the text and other readings, talks and in category treatments. The method I will hire or type of attack I will utilize to smooth the advancement of acquisition and apprehension are the chief elements of the instruction procedure. Therefore, the tools I will utilize will depend on a myriad of factors. For case, the class type, category size and capable affair. However, it happens that the att ack one has envisioned is non needfully the dear one, so alteration must be made on my side to relieve any job. For case, when seeking to do an abstract construct as more applicable with the existent fact, it may be required to hold several illustrations at disposal. This is so as a frame of mention and consciousness may be different than the pupils. The in category talk is still an indispensable tool in the acquisition procedure but at the same clip develop an environment of critical thought and active acquisition. Engagement is a cardinal factor of the in category experience. It gives the pedagogue a signifier of casual feedback from his category as a whole and every bit from each single pupil about the appreciation of capable affair covered in that session.No affair what philosophy person agrees with, all instructors should desire to convey out the best in all pupils and do certain that their pupils are getting every opportunity to be successful. If a pupil is non succeeding, w e instructors must step in and do alteration as we can and hold the ability to do a difference.

Malard Manufactoring Essay

1. The balance of the social system in Malard Manufacturing is really flat and horizontal, and basically has very little vertical structure at all. Julie Crandell who is the executive vice president, likes to stay very tight control among the system of rules in which she controls. Julie demands that plane section managers check with her before any signifi provoket decision atomic number 18 do or changed, by doing this Julie has made her span of control too big for her to handle in the due while she has to complete it by, its become very difficult for Julie as she has to deal with new inexperienced department managers, who are becoming uncommunicative and frustrated with each other.Vertical organisational structure means a strict unclutter down structure. Typically this structure has been a favored form for many business and other types of organisations. In such an organisation, the chain of command is usually very important and must be followed. In faster moving, dynamic co nditions, a vertical organisational structure can become very inefficient, for example, requiring decisions to slowly go through many people along the vertical chain of command before actions can be made by those who choose permission to act. even organizational structure means a flat or closer to flat organizational. In a perfectly horizontal structure, in that location are no leaders, so usually this means a structure that is still vertical, but has been made more horizontal than what is typically referred to as vertical, Julies structure for example. In general, any large organizational structure has both vertical and horizontal aspects to it and depending on whether it is considered to be more vertical or more horizontal results in what it is called.The conference between executive vice president Julie and the department managers is nominal as stated above. Julie needs to work out a new schema of horizontal communication that will give her the results she needs, possibly a centralised wheel approach for faster and more accurate communication. Examples of different horizontal communication are as follows.Intradepartmental problem solving. These messages take place among members of the same department and concern lying-in accomplishments. For example Bec, can you please help us fill out the inventory report form?Interdepartmental coordination. Interdepartmental messages facilitate the accomplishment of joint projects or tasks. For example Bec, please contact the Materials department and arrange a acquireing to discuss the specifications for the new product materials, we may not be able to meet there needs. Change maiden and improvements. These messages are designed to share information among teams and departments that can help the organisation change, grow and improve. For example We are having a discussing about the budgets of several departments and would like your input for the discussion.2. If I were Julie Crandell, I would feel compelled to org anise a project meeting with all department managers and discuss a way to create a new strategy or work out the difficulties in the existing one, so that it will be successfully appropriate to attain the result we need as an organisation.Whilst having the project meeting and discussing the new deadline for project CV305 and receiving all department managers input and problems, I would then organise weekly project meetings along with official progress reports, I would then suggest a modify management approach, the advantage is Julie the Senior manager would have time to then concentrate on the most important decisions, as the other decisions can be undertaken by other people down the organisation structure.Some good examples of having a decentralised management approach are, Decision making is a form of empowerment, and empowerment can increase motivation and therefore mean that staff output increases. mandate will alter departments and their employees to respond faster to change s and new challenges. Whereas it may take senior managers like Julie longer to come up with a similar response. rung within departments would sometimes have a greater knowledge of the product their producing and would then be able to make better choices and decisions then say Julie, there for this approach would suit the organisation better then all ways lining up to see Julie for her advice and approval, which may take a long time as Julie had little time to oversee everything with her centralised approach.Another approach Julie could take would be to hire a someoneal assistant. As Julie is a person that has so much on her plate for example, scheduling management meetings, answering phone calls, dropping letters off to the post office and checking her schedule, as thoroughly as many more other duties. These errands could all be done by anyone else like a personal assistant therefore saving Julie loved time so she can concentrate on more important tasks then organising meetings and writing up reports.3. Julie has made a wrong choice by choosing to go with the centralised decision making structure, instead she needs to find a more appropriate structure that will be able to renounce and suit the companies desired outcome in the time line they have set for the new product. This structure will need to be decentralised, so decisions are made quicker and more accurate as Julie may not have quite well an understanding of the product then say the department manager. A team based approach is what I personally think Julie should use for the development of new future products.One of the best forms of business organisation is the team-based structure. A team based structure is an organisation that groups employees on the same work level into teams that perform specific functions within their job tasks. This structure combines the low-overhead, minimal management structure of a lateral structure with the team efforts common to a hybrid structure. There are numerous ad vantages to a team-based lateral organizational structure.A team-based organisational structure is similar to a traditional lateral structure, in carrying less overhead management to cause delays in decision-making and implementation of best practices or new ideas. With no need to wait on a lengthy chain of command to receive approval for ideas or changes to the, a team-based lateral structure can make necessary changes on the fly and allow for rapid response to different market conditions. This is especially important in todays digital economy.By spreading the responsibility among teams involving everyone involved in project CV305 rather than having a hit person (Julie) in charge of all decision-making or management of a project, decisions can be reached by a quorum and can take place rapidly as team members can be delegate to research areas of need, implement changes, or work on other problems while other team members continue to focus on the current situation of the project. Dec isions made by a team are often better thought out and more effectively implemented than decisions made by a single individual, that being Julie in this case.A team-based organisational structure will eliminate Julies centralised flat chain of command, Julies centralised approach caused delays and worker licking with cumbersome communication lines. A team can more effectively raise concerns to management without having to wait a unpredictable time for Julies response, This can make individuals more willing to speak out about problems or inefficiency due to not having to wait, and being able to receive their answers quicker.If Julie were to establish a task force or assign a project manager, so they can establish and assist departments in representing them, and to share their information with other departments which will enable coordination. In addition to creating task forces, companies also set up cross functional teams. A cross functional team furthers horizontal coordination bec ause participants from several departments meet regularly to solve ongoing problems of common interest (Mintzberg, 1979).